BY 15,000 BC the Adamites in the second garden had become so blended with the other races, particularly the Nodites, that they could no longer be considered Adamites. This new racial mix—which later would incorporate some of the better strains of the yellow, blue, and green men—combined to form a new race called the Andites. These early Andites were pre-Aryan and pre-white, neither an Occidental nor an Oriental race.

15,000–8000 BC: THE EARLY ANDITE MIGRATIONS
AFRICA: From Mesopotamia the Andites continued to permeate the Mediterranean regions, contributing much to the northern groups of the Saharan Sangik peoples, but rarely did they venture farther down into Africa than the headwaters of the Nile. Later on, mixed Andites and Egyptians followed both coasts down to well below the equator, but they did not reach Madagascar. 

GREECE: Around 12,000 BC a brilliant tribe of Andites migrated to Crete. These were the narrow-headed, smaller-statured Andites who had intermarried with the Vanite division of the northern Nodites. All were under six feet tall and had been driven off the mainland by their larger fellows. Two thousand years later a group of 375 Adamsonites left their highland home near the Caspian Sea and crossed by way of the northern islands to Greece. This group, the progenitors of the Greeks, were of a high intellectual order and, physically regarded, the most beautiful of men since the days of the first Eden. 

TURKESTAN/EUROPE: While some Andites entered Europe via the islands of the Aegean, the majority came by way of the Caspian Sea/Turkestan route. The highlands of Turkestan had experienced a constant replenishing of the Adamite stock, and now this land became the homeland of the Turkestan Andites. Here the Aryan/Indo-European mother tongue—a combination of the regional Andonic dialect and the language of the Adamsonites and later Andites—was in the process of formation. These Andites poured into Europe in a steady stream, in seven major invasions. The earlier, purer Adamic migrations had been peaceful, but the mixed Andites were aggressive, and in the later invasions they made military conquests. 

INDIA/SE ASIA: The same population pressures that drove the Turkestan Andites into Europe also brought about the first extensive Andite movement toward India. For over fifteen centuries these Andites, together with their Iranian Andite brethren whom they collected en route, streamed into India through the highlands of Baluchistan. Their presence in central Asia greatly upstepped the ancestors of the Turanians*. From this region they moved into the Punjab, then spread out over the river valleys and southward into the Deccan. This Andite pressure from the northwest drove much of the darker southern and eastern population fringe into Burma and southern China. By 10,000 BC, the Andites in India had become submerged, the resultant mix called Dravidian. The Dravidian civilization has survived into modern times in the Deccan. 

CHINA: In China the earliest advanced yellow settlements were in Tibet and along the Yellow and Yangtze rivers. For almost fifteen thousand years the easternmost Andite communities were located in the Tarim Valley in Sinkiang, where Andites entered into trade relations with the progressive Chinese to the east and with the Andonites to the north. By 13,000 BC Chinese culture was being boosted by a steady inpouring of blended Andites and Andonites carrying Andite blood eastward from Sinkiang and Tibet to the upper valley of the Yellow River. Presently they reached Honan*, where the leading settlements were situated, and by 10,000 BC the northern Chinese people had begun to build cities and engage in manufacture. 

From time to time small groups of Andites entered southern China, coming from the north. This genetic infusion was beneficial, as the southern Chinese had absorbed much of the green race and had been infiltrated by masses of darker peoples crowded out of India by the Dravidian-Andite invasion. Other groups of Andites made their way into Formosa*, the East Indies, and Japan. 

SOUTH PACIFIC: From Japan, 132 Andites embarked in a fleet of small boats and crossed the Pacific, tarrying on the many islands they found along the way. The Polynesian islands were larger and more numerous then, and as these Andite sailors passed through they added some desirable traits to the native stock. Many flourishing centers of civilization—Easter Island is one of them—grew up on these now submerged lands as a result of Andite penetration. Eventually these Andite seafarers reached South America, and by intermarriage with the natives of the Andes established the ancestry of the later rulers of the Incas. Of all the Andites who sailed the Pacific in those days, only this group ever reached the mainland. 

By 8000 BC many groups of Andites had penetrated to the ends of the earth as missionaries, teachers, and traders. From Europe to China, the more highly civilized tribes began to assemble in cities devoted to manufacture and trade. Adonia, located near the present city of Ashkhabad, became the central Asian commercial metropolis.

8000–2000 BC: The Last Andite Migrations
For almost twenty thousand years the Andonites had been pushed farther and farther to the north of central Asia, but by 8000 BC diminishing rainfall in Siberia had started to nudge them back down. Further, the slowly increasing aridity of the highland regions of central Asia began to drive the mixed Turkestan Andites to the river bottoms and the seashores, to the valleys of the Nile, Euphrates, Indus, and Yellow rivers. A new class of men—the traders—appeared. The tide of migration veered from northward to southward, and as the cavalrymen from the north began to infiltrate Mesopotamia, the purer, more civilized Andites were forced to disband. 

Ten percent turned to the east and entered Sinkiang, where they blended with the Andite-yellow inhabitants. The offspring of this union later contributed to the immediate improvement of the northern Chinese peoples. 

Ten percent, including a large group of the Sethite priests, moved eastward through the Elamite highlands to the Iranian plateau and Turkestan. Their descendants later teamed up with their Aryan brothers to invade India. 

Ten percent made their way to Egypt via Arabia, where the remnant of the blue race had amalgamated with certain others, particularly the yellow. As the Andites passed through they upstepped this blend, which has persisted as the swarthy modern Arabs. During this time civilization in Egypt was thriving—there were seven distinct groups, all of whom, save one, came from Mesopotamia. The more adventurous Andites poured westward—some to Cyprus, others to what was later known as Carthage. 

Five percent, representing the purest Andite strains, refused to leave their homeland near the mouths of the Tigris and Euphrates. This group, the Sumerians, had kept themselves free from intermarriage with the neighboring tribes. By 5000 BC, when heavy floods in Mesopotamia completed the disruption of Andite civilization, only in the south among these Sumerians did any trace of the former glory remain.

Sixty-five percent of the remaining Mesopotamian Andites entered Europe by the Caspian Sea route to conquer and amalgamate with the newly appearing white races, a blend of the blue man with the earlier Andites. All previous waves of Andites had moved so slowly that they tended to disintegrate at any great distance from Mesopotamia, but these later waves on horseback moved so rapidly that they reached Europe as coherent groups, still retaining some measure of higher culture. As they moved westward across the Russian plains, absorbing the best of the blue man and exterminating the worst, they became blended into one people. These were the ancestors of the so-called Nordic races, the forefathers of the Scandinavian, German, and Anglo-Saxon peoples. This blue/Andite race also contained a considerable amount of Andonite blood, together with smaller amounts of the red and yellow Sangik. The typical early Nordic was long-headed, tall, and blond. 

For three thousand years the military headquarters of the northern Andites was in Denmark. From this central point there went forth the successive invasions of Europe, which grew decreasingly Andite and increasingly white as the passing centuries witnessed the final blending of the conquerors with the conquered peoples. The Nordic aggressors met their biggest challenge from the Cro-Magnons in southern France, where the older race successfully defended their territories for five hundred years before succumbing to the white invaders. The Cro-Magnoid blue man constituted the biologic foundation for the modern European races, but he has survived only as absorbed by his white conquerors. By 5000 BC the evolving white races were dominant throughout all of northern Europe, including northern Germany, northern France, and the British Isles.

By 3000 BC the southward-moving nomadic Andonites from the north had reached the Caspian/Black Sea region, where they split to invade both Europe and Turkestan. This push lasted for a thousand years and dispossessed the remaining Turkestan Andites from their homeland. 

EUROPE/INDIA: The residue of Adamson´s descendants migrated north and west to enter Europe with the blended stock of the last Andite wave coming out of Mesopotamia, and they were also numbered among the Andite-Aryan invaders of India, which was the second Andite penetration of India. [While the Urantia Book refers only to those Andites invading India as Aryans, this is the same Andite stock that simultanously invaded Europe.] The early Aryans were scattered over the northwestern half of India; those going south were soon absorbed by the Dravidians, who subsequently overran the entire peninsula except the Himalayan provinces. The greater persistence of the so-called Aryan blood in northern India is not only due to their presence in these regions in greater numbers but also because they were reinforced by later conquerors, traders, and missionaries. Aryan and Dravidian cultures eventually mingled on the plains of the Ganges to produce a high culture, and this center was later bolstered by contributions from China. 

MESOPOTAMIA: The groups of commingled invaders from the north that continued to press south into Mesopotamia carried in their ranks many of the better Andite strains of the mixed northern races of Turkestan, including some of the Adamson stock. These barbarians quickly assimilated the residue of the civilization of Mesopotamia and presently developed into those mixed peoples found in the Euphrates valley at the dawn of recorded history. They did not immediately conquer the Sumerians, who were determined to maintain their racial and cultural superiority, but by 1790 BC, during the rule of Hammurabi, the Sumerians had become absorbed into the ranks of the northern Semites and the Mesopotamian Andites were no more.

MEDITERRANEAN: The disruption of land traffic during the great nomadic invasions brought about a big increase in Mediterranean sea commerce, resulting in the sudden expansion of the descendants of the Andites throughout the entire coastal territory of the Mediterranean basin. The brunet Mediterranean race, the most highly mixed of all, combined the blue man with a smaller Andonite strain than in the north, a considerable amount of secondary Sangik blood, strong Andite elements from the eastern Mediterranean and later, admixture from the blue-yellow-Andite peoples of Arabia. In the south the blue man has survived in greater numbers; the Basques of France and the Berbers of northern Africa, though thoroughly blended with the Saharans, represent two branches of this race. 

It was not long before Egypt was overrun, as Mesopotamia had been, by inhospitable tribes from Arabia and from the south. Soon internal warfare along the Nile brought Egypt´s brilliant epoch of culture to an end. Large numbers of fleeing Andites entered Spain from northern Africa and later mingled in Switzerland with their brethren who had earlier come to Italy from the Aegean Islands. Many of the more able families fled to Crete, thus greatly augmenting this already advanced civilization. And when the arrival of unprogressive groups from Egypt later threatened the civilization of Crete, the more cultured families moved on west to Greece. 

Presently Greece and the Aegean Islands region succeeded Mesopotamia and Egypt as the Occidental center of trade, art, and culture. Practically all of the art and science of the Aegean world was derived from Mesopotamia and the culture of the Adamsonites, but this high civilization soon regressed under the rapidly multiplying genetically mediocre descendants of the later-imported Danubian slaves. Many of the mixed descendants of these Adamsonites became incorporated in the tribes of the adjacent mainlands, and many of the advances in early Greek civilization persisted in the later peoples of southern Europe.

The older European Andonites retained a semblance of identity only in Lapland and to some extent, in Brittany; the Bretons never mingled with the Nordics, being survivors of the original Andonite inhabitants of western Europe, mixed with the Mediterranean stock. Other broad-headed survivors of the earlier European Andonites—often reinforced by arrivals of Andonites from Asia Minor—were dispersed through most of the mountainous regions of central and southeastern Europe. By 2500 BC the westward thrust of the Andonites from Siberia reached Europe, penetrating by way of both the Balkans and the Ukraine. This invasion carried with it the remaining groups of Adamson´s descendants and considerable numbers of the Iranian Andites as well as many of the descendants of the Sethite priests. They moved slowly northward by way of the Danube valley, their most northerly settlement being at Liege in Belgium. 

These Danubian Andonites later amalgamated with groups of Andonite sailors who came by boats from the coast of Asia Minor. Much of central Europe was thus early settled by these mixed types of swarthy, stocky, broad-headed white races, predominantly Andonite but containing strains of blue and yellow. These invaders have given the central white races a characteristically Alpine appearance; they are sandwiched between the Nordic and Mediterranean races, extending from eastern France to central Asia. The Nordic-Danish and the Danubian-Andonite cultures met and mingled on the Rhine as is witnessed by the existence of two racial groups in Germany today.

The races of today have resulted from various combinations of the five basic human stocks of Urantia, each identified by certain distinguishing physical characteristics. There were long-headed Adamites and Nodites, broad-headed Andonites, broad-headed yellow and blue men, and medium- to long-headed secondary Sangiks. While skull dimensions can help to decipher racial origins, the skeleton as a whole is far more dependable. Originally there were five distinct types of skeletal structure:

1. Andonic—Urantia aborigines.

2. Primary Sangik—red, yellow, and blue peoples.

3. Secondary Sangik—orange, green, and indigo peoples.

4. Nodite—descendants of the Dalamatians.

5. Adamic—the violet race.

Extensive intermingling of these five racial groups tended to obscure the Andonite type by Sangik hereditary dominance. The skeletons of the Andonite/blue Lapps and Eskimos come the nearest to preserving the aboriginal Andonic type. But the Adamites and the Nodites, so admixed with the other races, can now be detected only as a generalized Caucasoid order. While there still remain pockets of the original pure-line indigo, red, yellow and Andonic races, for the most part the racial distinctions have been blurred. Study of the skeletal structures unearthed from over the last 20,000 years will disclose that mankind is now divided into approximately three classes:

1. The Caucasoid—the Andite (Nodite plus Adamite) blend, modified by mostly primary Sangik admixture with considerable Andonic crossing. Included in this group are the Occidental white races as well as some Indian and Turanian* peoples. Andite inheritance is the unifying factor.

2. The Mongoloid—the primary Sangik (original red/yellow/blue) type. The Chinese and Amerinds belong to this group. In Europe the Mongoloid (blue) type has been obscured by secondary Sangik, Andonic, and Andite infusion. Malayans and other Indonesian peoples, while they contain a high percentage of secondary Sangik blood, are included in this classification.

3. The Negroid—the secondary Sangik (original orange/ green/indigo) type, best illustrated by the Negro, and found through Africa, India, and Indonesia wherever the secondary Sangik races located.

Caucasoid and Mongoloid types have blended somewhat in Northern China; Caucasoid and Negroid in the Levant; all three types are represented in India and South America. And the skeletal characteristics of the three surviving types still persist and help to identify the later ancestry of present-day human races.

These racial mixes have come about through the rise and fall of civilizations, overpopulation, food shortages, war, ice, floods, droughts, earthquakes and other planetary disruptions that forced the human race to stay on the move. Whole ethnic groups have thus been driven into the arms of other ethnic groups, insuring that the mating and blending game will continue until people stop being attracted to each other. Whether downstepping or upstepping, each group brought along his culture, his religion, his food, and his art with which to enrich the other. This is the history of our planet—past, present, and future.

THE FUTURE
On a normal world the post-Adamic epoch sees the races practically blended, so that it can be truly proclaimed that "God has made of one blood all the nations," and "has made of one color all peoples." Our planet is still in a relatively primitive state and, we are told, lags far behind the average planetary schedule. But fear not! We are not out of the running! If we are to find wise solutions to our problems we must first learn to identify them, by objectively facing our planetary history and studying it, side by side, together with a blueprint of God´s evolutionary plan. And on that distant day when Urantia is in step with the more advanced spheres—when we are all of one color, with a language in common and one representative world government—we will look back on today's struggles and challenges as soul- and spirit-building stepping stones that inched us ever closer to the God of all creation. 

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